Which type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle lengthens under tension?

Eccentric contraction is characterized by the lengthening of a muscle under tension. This type of contraction occurs when the muscle is actively trying to control the rate of lengthening, usually during activities like lowering a weight or taking a step downhill. In these scenarios, while the muscle is generating force, it is also being elongated due to an external load or gravity.

This mechanism is vital in various athletic and functional movements as it helps in the absorption of impact forces and plays a crucial role in joint stability and injury prevention. Additionally, eccentric contractions are known to produce greater muscle soreness post-exercise, primarily due to the higher force production involved and the resulting microtears in muscle fibers that occur during these types of contractions.

Understanding eccentric contraction enhances the knowledge of strength training and rehabilitation, where incorporating such movements can improve muscle strength and control, promote recovery, and enhance overall performance.